La traque de l'Affiche rouge, a documentary produced by Denis Peschanski and Jorge Amat, broadcast by France 2 on 15 March 2007, refuted Courtois and Boucault's allegations. The film was rebroadcast in 2001, minus 12 minutes deleted to reflect more recent historical research. In Des terroristes à la retraite, Boris Holban was accused of having betrayed groupe Manouchian, sparking a heated dispute known as L’Affaire Manouchian. He suggested this was done because the fighters' foreign origins undermined French depictions of the Resistance as a native patriotic movement. Boucault accused the French Communist Party (PCF) of having deliberately sacrificed the fighters in the power struggle with the Gaullists for control over the National Council of Resistance (CNR). A film documentary by Stéphane Courtois and Mosco Boucault, Des terroristes à la retraite, shot in 1983 and broadcast by Antenne 2 in 1985, included interviews of surviving FTP-MOI members and families of the victims. In the 1980s, some French political factions suggested that, because of political infighting, some members of the Resistance had been complicit in the capture of many of the members of the Manouchian Group. The sculptor Pascal Convert was commissioned to create the monument and Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin dedicated it on 20 September 2003. In 1997, at the prompting of Robert Badinter, a French senator and former Minister of Justice, the French Parliament authorized a monument to commemorate the execution at Mont-Valérien of 1,006 citizens and members of the French Resistance, including the Manouchian Group, between 19. Rouben Melik and Paul Éluard also wrote poems in honour of the Manouchian Group. In 1959 Léo Ferré set it to music and recorded it as "L'Affiche rouge". The poem was published in 1956 in Le roman inachevé. In 1955, Louis Aragon wrote a poem memorializing the Manouchian Group, " Strophes pour se souvenir". But more recent research has in fact confirmed that such additions by residents took place. In 1975, historian Philippe Diaz Raymond claimed that there was no historical record of such activity. Legend has it that supporters scribbled the words MORTS POUR LA FRANCE across the posters ("They died for France" - the phrase used on official monuments to soldiers of France who died in combat) and put flowers beneath some of the posters.
Le banditisme n’est pas l’expression du Patriotisme blessé, c’est le complot étranger contre la vie des Français et contre la souveraineté de la France." Īlthough the poster attempted to depict the group as "terrorists", the campaign seems to have had the effect of highlighting the feats of people whom the general public considered to be freedom fighters. " Si des Français pillent, volent, sabotent et tuent.Ĭe sont toujours des étrangers qui les commandent.Ĭe sont toujours des chômeurs et des criminels professionnels qui exécutent.Ĭe sont toujours des juifs qui les inspirent. Along with these posters, the Germans handed out flyers that claimed the Resistance was headed by foreigners, Jews, unemployed people, and criminals the campaign characterized the Resistance as a "foreigners' conspiracy against French life and the sovereignty of France": It featured ten men of the group, with nationality, surnames, photos and descriptions of their crimes the Germans distributed an estimated 15,000 copies of the poster. They created a poster, which became known as Affiche Rouge, due to its red background. In the spring of 1944, the Vichy authorities launched a propaganda campaign, designed to discredit the Manouchian Group and defuse public anger over their execution.
Olga Bancic, who had served the group as a messenger, was taken to Stuttgart, where she was beheaded with an axe on. All but one of the Manouchian Group's members were executed before a firing squad in Fort Mont-Valérien on 21 February 1944.
STROPHES POUR SE SOUVENIR HISTOIRE DES ARTS TRIAL
To discredit the Resistance, the authorities invited French celebrities (from the world of the cinema and other arts) to attend the trial and encourage the media to give it the widest coverage possible. Īfter having been tortured and interrogated for three months, the 23 were tried by a German military court.
22 of them were Poles, five Italians, three Hungarians, two Armenians, three Spaniards, 1 French man and a Romanian woman eleven members were Jewish. Its membership included men of different backgrounds. The group was part of a network of about 100 fighters, who committed nearly all acts of armed resistance in the Paris metropolitan region between March and November 1943. They were called the "Manouchian Group" after the commander, Missak Manouchian. In mid-November 1943, the French police arrested 23 members of the Communist Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée (FTP-MOI), who were part of the French Resistance.
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